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Concentrations of toxic heavy metals in ambient particulate matter in an industrial area of northeastern

PIAO Fengyuan, SUN Xiance, LIU Shuang, YAMAUCHI Toru

《医学前沿（英文）》 2008年第2卷第2期页码 207-210 doi: 10.1007/s11684-008-0040-z

摘要： This paper investigates concentrations of various heavy metals in ambient particulate matter (PM) and provide evidence for prevention from air pollution. The concentrations of heavy metal components in the PM were determined by inductively coupled plasma/Mass spectrometry (ICP/MS) from September 2000 to August 2002 in a northeast industrial city in China. Concentrations of Cd, Mn, Pb, Ni, Cr and As in the PM were 9.3, 461.9, 588.7, 69.5, 205.7 and 57.4 ng/m in the industrial area, and 5.7, 245.5, 305.0, 31.4, 58.8 and 32.5 ng/m in the main road, respectively. Concentrations of these heavy metals except Cd were significantly higher in the industrial area and main road than those in the suburban area ( < 0.05 or < 0.01). The change curves of the six heavy metal concentrations show their concentrations increased in the winter and spring, but decreased in the summer and autumn. The results indicate that concentrations of the metals in the PM are relatively high in the industrial area and main road.

关键词： summer August northeast industrial September spring

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Prevalence of asthma symptoms in Golestan schoolchildren aged 6–7 and 13–14 years in Northeast Iran

null

《医学前沿（英文）》 2016年第10卷第3期页码 345-350 doi: 10.1007/s11684-016-0462-y

摘要：

Asthma is the most common chronic disease among children, and its incidences are often imminent among elementary schoolchildren. This study aimed to examine the prevalence of asthma symptoms in Golestan schoolchildren aged 6–7 and 13–14 years in Northeast Iran. The prevalence rate was compared according to age group (aged 6–7 years vs. aged 13–14 years) and gender (male vs. female). In this cross-sectional study, 1706 Iranian schoolchildren aged 6–7 and 13–14 years in Golestan Province were enrolled. Participants completed questionnaires between February and July 2014. Asthma symptoms were assessed using the questionnaire of the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood protocol in Persian. The logistic regression model was used to estimate the odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of the asthma symptoms for each of the gender and age groups. The prevalence rates of “current asthma” symptoms and “asthma ever” in all the children were estimated as 9.5% and 7.5%, respectively. The prevalence of asthma (“asthma ever” and “wheezing in the past 12 months”) in junior high schoolchildren (aged 13–14 years) is higher than that in elementary schoolchildren (aged 6–7 years) (P <0.05). The prevalence of the severity of wheezing in girls is lower than that in boys (OR= 1.7, 95%CI= 1.06–2.96, P = 0.02). Asthma is still a major public health problem. This study shows that the prevalence of the asthma symptoms in boys is lower than that in girls in both age groups, and the severity of asthma in girls is higher than that in boys aged 13–14 years.

关键词： asthma asthma symptoms epidemiology childhood chronic disease

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川东北超深高酸性气田勘探开发工程技术

沈琛

《中国工程科学》 2010年第12卷第10期页码 29-34

摘要：

川东北地区高含H₂S，CO₂及复杂的地质和环境条件给勘探开发工程带来了世界级难题。通过引进攻关和实践，逐步形成了适合超深高酸性气田勘探开发的钻井、测试、生产完井等配套技术，实现了国内首个超深高酸整装普光气田的安全投产运行。笔者对川东北地区超深高酸性气田勘探开发工程技术进行了简要梳理，为国内同类气田勘探开发提供参考，并对超深高酸性气田的勘探开发工程技术发展提出了建议。

关键词：川东北超深井高含硫勘探开发钻井完井

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川东北优快钻井技术

韩来聚,马广军,赵金海

《中国工程科学》 2010年第12卷第10期页码 44-49

摘要：

川东北地区存在陆相地层可钻性差、高陡构造井斜严重，地层岩性变化大、压力系统复杂、易塌、易漏，“高压、高产、高含硫”勘探风险大等世界级钻井技术难题，造成的钻井复杂情况多、机械钻速慢、钻井周期长。围绕“钻井提速”这一主线，以开发与应用新工艺、新工具提高南方复杂深井钻井速度为目的，从气体钻井和垂直钻井设备引进配套和研发入手，结合已有的欠平衡钻井技术、控压降密度钻井与复合钻井技术，综合应用多种钻井技术全面提高川东北复杂深井钻井速度及井身质量，通过室内实验研究、单项技术试验和综合技术集成，形成了适应川东北地区地层特

关键词：川东北优快钻井气体钻井垂直钻井控压降密度钻井钻头优选复合钻井

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Pneumonic plague epidemic in Northeast China in 1910–1911: Dr.

null

《医学前沿（英文）》 2018年第12卷第1期页码 113-115 doi: 10.1007/s11684-018-0613-4

摘要：

Pneumonic plague that originated in Russian Siberia broke out in Northeast China in October 1910–March 1911. On the basis of field visits, autopsy, bacteriological identification, and close collaboration with local authorities and international colleagues, Dr. Wu Lien-Teh implemented a series of efficient antiplague measures, which successfully controlled the development of an extraordinary epidemic plague. In his subsequent work, Dr. Wu demonstrated the respiratory transmission of pneumonic plague and tarbagans’ role in this spread. Dr. Wu’s academic and cultural contributions are valuable in the medical progress in China.

关键词： pneumonic plague prevention epidemic control Wu Lien-Teh

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东北地区有关水土资源配置生态与环境保护和可持续发展的若干战略问题研究

中国工程院“东北水资源”项目组

《中国工程科学》 2006年第8卷第5期页码 1-24

摘要：

东北地区包括辽宁省、吉林省、黑龙江省和内蒙古自治区的东部地区即赤峰市、通辽市、兴安盟和呼伦贝尔市，土地总面积约124×10⁴km²，人口1.19亿。东北地区不仅工业发达，而且有我国最大的林区和最好的草原，也是全国最大的商品粮生产基地。由于长期粗放式的生产经营，部分工农业频临衰竭，环境受到严重损害，主要表现在：可采森林枯竭；很多地方的草地退化、沙化和盐化；耕地的黑土资源严重流失；水质严重污染，河流干枯，地下水超采，湿地大量减少；工矿城市遗留严重的矿山环境问题。振兴东北老工业基地的唯一选择是及时转变经济增长方式，建设资源节约、环境友好型社会。为此，项目组提出了8项战略性建议：土地利用的总体应当是耕地总量不再增加，林、草、湿地不再减少，城市和工矿用地合理控制；开发农业的巨大潜力，建设我国最大的农产品基地；必须进一步采取措施，才能保证东北林业的可持续发展；促进城市化健康发展，合理解决城市的水源危机和煤矿城市的地质灾害；加强地质勘探，提高资源保证程度；将保护水环境，防治水污染作为振兴老工业基地的重大任务；西部地区应节制社会经济用水，保护生态与环境；水资源配置应为人与自然和谐发展创造条件。

关键词：中国东北地区水土资源配置生态与环境保护可持续发展

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东北地区食物安全可持续发展战略研究

唐亮,吴东立,苗微,蒲红霞,江琳琳,王绍斌,钟文田,陈温福

《中国工程科学》 2019年第21卷第5期页码 19-27 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2019.05.016

摘要：

粮食是具有战略意义的特殊商品。立足国内“确保谷物基本自给、口粮绝对安全”是关系近14 亿人口大国国计民生、国家安全的头等大事。研究结果表明，东北地区是我国农业资源禀赋最好，粮食增产潜力最大、增长最快、贡献最大的区域，现已成为我国重要的商品粮和牧业生产基地。本文着重阐述了国际化绿色化背景下东北地区食物安全现状，分析了东北地区食物供求变化趋势，明确了东北地区食物安全存在的问题，提出加速农业供给侧结构性改革、推进农牧结合、发展效率型农业等东北地区食物安全可持续发展的战略构想，为国家实施区域食物安全和可持续发展相关决策提供参考。

关键词：东北地区食物安全可持续发展

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Formation of secondary inorganic aerosol in a frigid urban atmosphere

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2022年第16卷第2期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-021-1452-0

摘要：

•Harbin showed relatively high threshold RH (80%) for apparent increase of SOR.

关键词： Haze Sulfate Nitrate Heterogeneous chemistry Biomass burning Northeast China

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Conservation and adaptive reuse of industrial heritage in Shanghai

ZHANG Song

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2007年第1卷第4期页码 481-490 doi: 10.1007/s11709-007-0065-4

摘要： This paper takes a retrospective review of the evolution of the conservation of industrial heritage in urban Shanghai since the 1990s within the context of the international industrial heritage conservation movement, with the emph

关键词： evolution industrial international industrial retrospective Shanghai

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Conservation and adaptive-reuse of historical industrial building in China in the post-industrial era

WANG Jianguo, JIANG Nan

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2007年第1卷第4期页码 474-480 doi: 10.1007/s11709-007-0064-5

摘要： The conservation and adaptive-reuse of historical industrial building is one of the most important issues to be solved in today s urban development and construction in China. In this paper, the necessity and academic meaning of the conservation and adaptive-reuse of historical industrial building were discussed by reviewing its development rend both at home and abroad, and the basic contents of the implementation of the conservation and adaptive-reuse of historical industrial building in China with specific cases provided were analyzed. It is the central task for China to put forward the restructuring and design methods, assessment principles and relevant core technical specifications based on the empirical researches on the historical industrial building and site.

关键词： historical industrial industrial building implementation adaptive-reuse empirical

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Can industrial intelligence promote industrial transformation? ––Case of mining enterprises

Anlin SHAO

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2017年第4卷第3期页码 375-378 doi: 10.15302/J-FEM-2017108

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Industrial water treatment and industrial marine outfalls: Achieving the right balance

Adrian W. K. Law,Chunyan Tang

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2016年第10卷第4期页码 472-479 doi: 10.1007/s11705-016-1592-0

摘要： Industrial water treatment and industrial marine outfalls both function together to reduce the pollutant concentrations in the effluent and mitigate the potential impact on the environment. The former uses environmental treatment technology with energy and material cost considerations, while the latter utilizes the natural assimilation potential of the coastal water environment achievable at the outfall location. Because of their synergistic nature, marine outfalls are now commonly used for the disposal of partially treated domestic and industrial effluents in many coastal cities around the world, with many successful examples of low and acceptable risks to the environment. The objective of this paper is to review their balance from both environmental and economic considerations. We also discuss the end-of-the-pipe and mixing zone approaches for industrial effluents, and give some recommendations particularly for developing countries. Finally, we emphasize that a compulsory and vigorous monitoring program is essential regardless of how the balance is achieved.

关键词： industrial effluent treatment industrial marine outfalls economic and environmental considerations

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Industrial solid waste flow analysis of eco-industrial parks: implications for sustainable waste management

Yongpeng Lü, Kai YANG, Yue CHE, Zhaoyi SHANG, Jun TAI, Yun JIAN

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2012年第6卷第4期页码 575-587 doi: 10.1007/s11783-011-0344-0

摘要： Sustainable waste management in the industrial ecology perspective brings enormous challenges to the existing methodology of waste analysis at the industrial park (IP) scale. In this study, a four-step method was proposed for industrial solid waste (ISW) flow analysis of eco-industrial parks (EIPs) and applied to two IPs in eastern China. According to a park-wide census of 619 industrial enterprises and 105 questionnaires by a survey from 2006 to 2008, the results indicated that: 1) at the enterprise scale, more than 60% of enterprises were small-ISW-generation enterprises which encountered great difficulties on effective waste management; 2) at the IP scale, though the two IPs have set up their own environmental management systems and passed the ISO 14001 certification, the efficiencies of the ISW management systems have yet to be improved in the industrial ecology perspective; and 3) at the regional scale, more than 97% of ISW flowed within the provincial region, indicating that the provincial governments prevented the wastes from flowing into their own “back yard”. Effective waste management should be placed in a broader perspective. Approaches to sustainable waste management may include wastes exchange, efficient waste and information flow, virtual EIP, waste minimization clubs and regionalization of waste management.

关键词： industrial solid waste waste flow analysis eco-industrial parks sustainable waste management “not in my back yard”

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Forecasting industrial emissions: a monetary approach

Yang DONG, Yi LIU, Jining CHEN, Yebin DONG, Benliang QU

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2012年第6卷第5期页码 734-742 doi: 10.1007/s11783-012-0451-6

摘要： Forecasts of industrial emissions provide a basis for impact assessment and development planning. To date, most studies have assumed that industrial emissions are simply coupled to production value at a given stage of technical progress. It has been argued that the monetary method tends to overestimate pollution loads because it is highly influenced by market prices and fails to address spatial development schemes. This article develops a land use-based environmental performance index (L-EPI) that treats the industrial land areas as a dependent variable for pollution emissions. The basic assumption of the method is that at a planning level, industrial land use change can represent the change in industrial structure and production yield. This physical metric provides a connection between the state-of-the-art and potential impacts of future development and thus avoids the intrinsic pitfalls of the industrial Gross Domestic Product-based approach. Both methods were applied to examine future industrial emissions at the planning area of Dalian Municipality, North-west China, under a development scheme provided by the urban master plan. The results suggested that the L-EPI method is highly reliable and applicable for the estimation and explanation of the spatial variation associated with industrial emissions.

关键词： industrial emissions environmental performance index spatial planning industrial land use